Initially, a number of effective methods have been applied to generate HOM beams, including birefringent components, q-plate, helical phase plate, sub-wavelength gratings, spatial light modulators (SLMs), and so on. Two kinds of HOM beams including cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) and optical vortex beams (OVBs) have been widely studied, which have potential applications in many advancing frontiers, such as nanoparticle manipulation, material processing, optical tweezers, high-capacity communication and data storage. The high-order mode (HOM) beams with unique spatial intensity and polarization distribution have attracted widespread attention. © 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement 1. It may provide an effective way to achieve high energy pulsed HOM beams. Furtherly, the slope efficiency of HOM beams in the mode-locking and continuous wave operations are as much as 20.3% and 31.8%, respectively. After controlling the category and phase delay of vector modal superposition, different pulsed HOM beams including cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) (radial and angular) and optical vortex beams (OVBs) are reasonably obtained with high purity (all over 95%), as well as arbitrary switching. By combining advantages of MSC and stimulated Raman scattering, 1.1 μJ pulsed HOM beams directly emitting from the all-fiber cavity can be achieved. A home-made fiber mode-selective coupler (MSC) is used as the mode converter with a wide bandwidth of 60 nm.
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We experimentally demonstrate a high energy mode-locking Raman all-fiber laser with switchable HOM state. High energy pulsed High-order Mode (HOM) beams has great potential in materials processing and particle acceleration. Note: Author names will be searched in the keywords field, also, but that may find papers where the person is mentioned, rather than papers they authored.
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